Combination therapy has gained a lot of attention thanks to its superior activity against cancer. In the present study, we report a cRGD-targeted liposomal preparation for co-delivery of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) small interfering RNA (siRNA) and anemoside B4 (AB4)─AB4/siP-c-L─and evaluate its anticancer efficiency in mouse models of LLC and 4T1 tumors. AB4/siP-c-L showed a particle size of (180.7 ± 7.3) nm and a ζ-potential of (32.8 ± 1.5) mV, with high drug encapsulation, pH-sensitive release properties, and good stability in serum. AB4/siP-c-L demonstrated prolonged blood circulation and increased tumor accumulation. Elevated cellular uptake was dependent on the targeting ligand cRGD. This combination induced significant tumor inhibition in LLC xenograft tumor-bearing mice by downregulating PD-L1 protein expression and modulating the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Liposomes favored the antitumor T-cell response with long-term memory, without obvious toxicity. A similar tumor growth inhibition was also demonstrated in the 4T1 tumor model. In summary, our results indicate that cRGD-modified and AB4- and PD-L1 siRNA-coloaded liposomes have potential as an antitumor preparation, and this approach may lay a foundation for the development of a new targeted drug delivery system.
