Chemotherapy resistance and the precise delivery as well as controlled release of drugs at tumor sites remain major challenges in cancer treatment. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been identified as key contributors to chemotherapy resistance, yet effective strategies to overcome this issue are still lacking. In this study, we developed a hybrid biomimetic nanoparticle system (CuS-PTX-ICG-L-arg@HR) that integrates photothermal therapy (PTT), chemotherapy, and gas therapy to enhance the efficiency of cervical cancer treatment. By fusing the red blood cell membranes with HeLa cell membranes, the nanoparticles combined immune evasion capabilities with tumortargeting properties, and further improved circulation time and tumor accumulation.
